@charset "UTF-8";
/* ==========================================================================
   phillipkingston.com — editorial / academic-press design system
   Self-contained, no build step, no dependencies.
   ========================================================================== */

/* --- Fonts ---------------------------------------------------------------- */

@font-face {
  font-family: "Newsreader";
  src: url("/fonts/newsreader-latin-var.woff2") format("woff2");
  font-weight: 200 800;
  font-style: normal;
  font-display: swap;
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA,
    U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+2074, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191,
    U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: "Newsreader";
  src: url("/fonts/newsreader-latin-var-italic.woff2") format("woff2");
  font-weight: 200 800;
  font-style: italic;
  font-display: swap;
  unicode-range: U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA,
    U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+2074, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191,
    U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: "IBM Plex Mono";
  src: url("/fonts/ibm-plex-mono-400-latin.woff2") format("woff2");
  font-weight: 400;
  font-style: normal;
  font-display: swap;
}
@font-face {
  font-family: "IBM Plex Mono";
  src: url("/fonts/ibm-plex-mono-500-latin.woff2") format("woff2");
  font-weight: 500;
  font-style: normal;
  font-display: swap;
}

/* --- Tokens --------------------------------------------------------------- */

:root {
  color-scheme: light dark;

  --paper: #faf8f4;
  --paper-raised: #fffdfa;
  --paper-sunk: #f3efe7;
  --ink: #17150f;
  --ink-2: #423d33;
  --ink-3: #6e675a;
  --rule: #dfd9cd;
  --rule-strong: #c8c0af;
  --accent: #7e2c18;
  --accent-soft: #f0e4de;
  --shadow: 0 1px 2px rgb(23 21 15 / 4%), 0 8px 24px -12px rgb(23 21 15 / 12%);

  --serif: "Newsreader", "Iowan Old Style", "Charter", Georgia, Cambria,
    "Times New Roman", serif;
  --mono: "IBM Plex Mono", ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, "SF Mono", Menlo,
    Consolas, monospace;

  --measure: 66ch;
  --measure-wide: 34rem;
  --shell: 78rem;
  --rail: 12.5rem;
  --gutter: clamp(1.25rem, 5vw, 4rem);

  --step-eyebrow: 0.6875rem;
  --step-meta: 0.75rem;
  --step-body: 1.0625rem;
  --step-h3: 1.0625rem;
  --step-lede: clamp(1.1875rem, 0.95rem + 0.85vw, 1.5rem);
  --step-h2: clamp(1.5rem, 1.05rem + 1.5vw, 2.125rem);
  --step-h1: clamp(2.625rem, 1.3rem + 5.6vw, 4.5rem);
}

@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  :root:not([data-theme="light"]) {
    --paper: #12110f;
    --paper-raised: #1a1815;
    --paper-sunk: #0c0b0a;
    --ink: #efeae0;
    --ink-2: #c9c2b4;
    --ink-3: #9a9284;
    --rule: #2e2a24;
    --rule-strong: #433d34;
    --accent: #e0785c;
    --accent-soft: #2a1e19;
    --shadow: 0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / 40%), 0 10px 28px -14px rgb(0 0 0 / 60%);
  }
}
:root[data-theme="dark"] {
  --paper: #12110f;
  --paper-raised: #1a1815;
  --paper-sunk: #0c0b0a;
  --ink: #efeae0;
  --ink-2: #c9c2b4;
  --ink-3: #9a9284;
  --rule: #2e2a24;
  --rule-strong: #433d34;
  --accent: #e0785c;
  --accent-soft: #2a1e19;
  --shadow: 0 1px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / 40%), 0 10px 28px -14px rgb(0 0 0 / 60%);
}

/* --- Reset ---------------------------------------------------------------- */

*,
*::before,
*::after { box-sizing: border-box; }

html {
  -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
  scroll-padding-top: 2.5rem;
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {
  html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: var(--step-body);
  line-height: 1.72;
  font-optical-sizing: auto;
  font-kerning: normal;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
}

h1, h2, h3, p, ul, ol, figure, blockquote { margin: 0; }
ul, ol { padding: 0; list-style: none; }
img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; }

a { color: inherit; }

:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
  outline-offset: 3px;
  border-radius: 2px;
}

::selection {
  background: var(--accent);
  color: var(--paper);
}

/* --- Utilities ------------------------------------------------------------ */

.skip {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0.5rem;
  left: 0.5rem;
  z-index: 100;
  padding: 0.55rem 0.9rem;
  background: var(--ink);
  color: var(--paper);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: var(--step-meta);
  text-decoration: none;
  border-radius: 3px;
  transform: translateY(-200%);
}
.skip:focus-visible { transform: none; }

.eyebrow {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: var(--step-eyebrow);
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-3);
}

.progress {
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0 0 auto 0;
  z-index: 60;
  height: 2px;
  background: transparent;
  pointer-events: none;
}
.progress > i {
  display: block;
  height: 100%;
  width: var(--p, 0%);
  background: var(--accent);
  opacity: 0.85;
}

/* --- Shell ---------------------------------------------------------------- */

.shell {
  max-width: var(--shell);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 var(--gutter);
}

/* --- Masthead ------------------------------------------------------------- */

.masthead {
  position: relative;
  padding: clamp(2.5rem, 7vw, 5.5rem) 0 clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3rem);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}

.masthead__grid {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 2.5rem);
}
@media (min-width: 48rem) {
  .masthead__grid {
    flex-direction: row;
    align-items: flex-start;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 5rem);
  }
}

.masthead__text { max-width: 46rem; }

.masthead h1 {
  margin: 0.5rem 0 0;
  font-size: var(--step-h1);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 0.98;
  letter-spacing: -0.022em;
  color: var(--ink);
}

.masthead .lede { margin-top: clamp(1rem, 2vw, 1.5rem); }

.portrait {
  order: -1;
  width: 5.25rem;
  flex: none;
}
@media (min-width: 48rem) {
  .portrait {
    order: 0;
    width: clamp(6rem, 9vw, 7.5rem);
    margin-top: 0.4rem;
  }
}
.portrait img {
  width: 100%;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--paper-raised);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px var(--rule), 0 0 0 6px var(--paper);
}
:root[data-theme="dark"] .portrait img { filter: grayscale(1) brightness(0.92) contrast(1.02); }
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  :root:not([data-theme="light"]) .portrait img {
    filter: grayscale(1) brightness(0.92) contrast(1.02);
  }
}

.ids {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  margin-top: clamp(1.25rem, 2.5vw, 1.75rem);
}
.ids a {
  display: inline-flex;
  gap: 0.5ch;
  padding: 0.3rem 0.6rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-radius: 2px;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: var(--step-meta);
  color: var(--ink-3);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: border-color 0.18s, color 0.18s;
}
.ids a b {
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-size: 0.9em;
  align-self: center;
}
.ids a:hover {
  border-color: var(--accent);
  color: var(--accent);
}

.theme {
  display: inline-flex;
  margin-top: 0.6rem;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5ch;
  padding: 0.4rem 0.7rem;
  background: transparent;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-radius: 2px;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: var(--step-eyebrow);
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: border-color 0.18s, color 0.18s;
}
.theme:hover { border-color: var(--accent); color: var(--accent); }
.theme[hidden] { display: none; }

/* --- Layout: rail + main -------------------------------------------------- */

.layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3.5rem);
  padding-block: clamp(1.75rem, 4vw, 3rem) 0;
}

.rail__title {
  display: none;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: var(--step-eyebrow);
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  padding-bottom: 0.85rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
}

.rail__list {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.4rem;
}
.rail__list a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 0.5ch;
  padding: 0.3rem 0.6rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-radius: 2px;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: var(--step-meta);
  line-height: 1.3;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color 0.18s, border-color 0.18s, background-color 0.18s;
}
.rail__list a:hover { color: var(--accent); border-color: var(--accent); }
.rail__list a[aria-current] {
  color: var(--paper);
  background: var(--ink);
  border-color: var(--ink);
}
.rail__list .num { display: none; }

main { min-width: 0; }

@media (min-width: 68rem) {
  .layout {
    grid-template-columns: var(--rail) minmax(0, 1fr);
    align-items: start;
  }
  .rail {
    position: sticky;
    top: 2.75rem;
    max-height: calc(100vh - 5rem);
    overflow-y: auto;
    overscroll-behavior: contain;
  }
  .rail__title { display: block; }
  .rail__list { display: block; }
  .rail__list li + li { margin-top: 0.1rem; }
  .rail__list a {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1.9em 1fr;
    gap: 0.25rem;
    padding: 0.3rem 0.45rem 0.3rem 0.2rem;
    border: 0;
    border-left: 1px solid transparent;
    border-radius: 0;
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.005em;
  }
  .rail__list a:hover { border-color: transparent; background: var(--paper-sunk); }
  .rail__list a[aria-current] {
    background: transparent;
    border-left-color: var(--accent);
    color: var(--ink);
    font-weight: 500;
  }
  .rail__list .num {
    display: block;
    font-size: 0.68rem;
    color: var(--ink-3);
    font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  }
  .rail__list a[aria-current] .num { color: var(--accent); }
}

/* --- Prose --------------------------------------------------------------- */

.lede {
  font-size: var(--step-lede);
  line-height: 1.46;
  letter-spacing: -0.008em;
  color: var(--ink);
  text-wrap: pretty;
  max-width: 50ch;
}
.lede--wide { max-width: 58ch; }

.overview {
  padding-bottom: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 3.5rem);
}
.overview .eyebrow { margin-bottom: 0.85rem; }
.overview .lede {
  max-width: 62ch;
  font-size: clamp(1.125rem, 1rem + 0.5vw, 1.3125rem);
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: var(--ink-2);
}

/* --- Sections ------------------------------------------------------------ */

.section {
  padding-block: clamp(2.25rem, 5vw, 3.75rem);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  scroll-margin-top: 1.5rem;
}

.section__head {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  margin-bottom: clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 2.25rem);
}
.section__num {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: var(--step-eyebrow);
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}
.section h2 {
  font-size: var(--step-h2);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.12;
  letter-spacing: -0.016em;
  color: var(--ink);
  max-width: 32ch;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

/* --- Claims (the 24 research bullets) ----------------------------------- */

.claim {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.5rem clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 3rem);
  padding-block: clamp(1.35rem, 2.5vw, 1.85rem);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.claim:first-child { border-top: 0; padding-top: 0; }

.claim h3 {
  font-size: var(--step-h3);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.32;
  letter-spacing: -0.008em;
  color: var(--ink);
  text-wrap: pretty;
}

.claim__body { max-width: var(--measure); }
.claim__body p + p { margin-top: 0.9em; }

@media (min-width: 56rem) {
  .claim {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.82fr) minmax(0, 2fr);
  }
  .claim__head { position: relative; }
  .claim h3 { padding-top: 0.15em; }
}

/* --- Figure asides (statistics pulled from the prose) ------------------- */

.stat {
  margin-top: 1rem;
  padding: 0.9rem 1rem;
  background: var(--paper-raised);
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-left: 2px solid var(--accent);
  border-radius: 2px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}
.stat__fig {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: 1.375rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}
.stat__label {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 0.3rem;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
  color: var(--ink-3);
}

/* --- Coda ---------------------------------------------------------------- */

.coda {
  padding-block: clamp(2.5rem, 6vw, 4.5rem);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule-strong);
}
.coda p {
  font-size: clamp(1.125rem, 1rem + 0.55vw, 1.375rem);
  line-height: 1.5;
  letter-spacing: -0.008em;
  color: var(--ink);
  max-width: 54ch;
  text-wrap: pretty;
}
.coda p::before {
  content: "";
  display: block;
  width: 2.5rem;
  height: 2px;
  margin-bottom: clamp(1.25rem, 2.5vw, 1.75rem);
  background: var(--accent);
}

/* --- Ventures ------------------------------------------------------------ */

.ventures {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(11rem, 1fr));
  gap: 1px;
  margin-top: clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 2rem);
  background: var(--rule);
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-radius: 2px;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.venture {
  padding: clamp(1rem, 2vw, 1.35rem);
  background: var(--paper-raised);
}
.venture h3 {
  font-size: 1.1875rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  color: var(--ink);
}
.venture a {
  text-decoration: none;
  background-image: linear-gradient(var(--accent), var(--accent));
  background-size: 100% 1px;
  background-position: 0 100%;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  color: var(--accent);
}
.venture p {
  margin-top: 0.3rem;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: var(--step-eyebrow);
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-3);
}

/* --- Papers -------------------------------------------------------------- */

.papers__year {
  margin-top: clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 2.25rem);
  padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: var(--step-eyebrow);
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.papers__year:first-of-type { margin-top: 0; }

.paper a {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 0.15rem 1rem;
  padding: 0.95rem 0.65rem 0.95rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background-color 0.18s, padding-left 0.18s;
}
.paper a:hover,
.paper a:focus-visible {
  background: var(--paper-raised);
  padding-left: 0.65rem;
}
.paper__title {
  grid-column: 1;
  font-size: 1.0625rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.4;
  letter-spacing: -0.008em;
  color: var(--ink);
  text-wrap: pretty;
}
.paper a:hover .paper__title { color: var(--accent); }
.paper__date {
  grid-column: 1;
  grid-row: 2;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: var(--step-meta);
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-3);
}
.paper__cta {
  grid-column: 2;
  grid-row: 1 / span 2;
  align-self: center;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: var(--step-eyebrow);
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.paper a:hover .paper__cta { color: var(--accent); }

@media (min-width: 44rem) {
  .paper a {
    grid-template-columns: 6.5rem minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
    align-items: baseline;
  }
  .paper__date { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 1; }
  .paper__title { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1; }
  .paper__cta { grid-column: 3; grid-row: 1; align-self: baseline; }
}

/* --- Connect ------------------------------------------------------------- */

.link-groups {
  columns: 1;
  column-gap: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3.5rem);
}
@media (min-width: 46rem) { .link-groups { columns: 2; } }

.link-group {
  break-inside: avoid;
  margin-bottom: clamp(1.75rem, 3vw, 2.5rem);
}
.link-group:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
.link-group h3 {
  padding-bottom: 0.55rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: var(--step-eyebrow);
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-3);
}
.links a {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1rem;
  padding: 0.5rem 0.4rem 0.5rem 0;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
  transition: background-color 0.18s, padding-left 0.18s;
}
.links a:hover,
.links a:focus-visible {
  background: var(--paper-raised);
  padding-left: 0.4rem;
}
.links__name {
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--ink);
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.links a:hover .links__name { color: var(--accent); }
.links__host {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.6875rem;
  min-width: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
  white-space: nowrap;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  text-align: right;
}

/* --- Footer -------------------------------------------------------------- */

.footer {
  margin-top: clamp(3rem, 7vw, 5.5rem);
  padding-block: clamp(1.75rem, 3.5vw, 2.5rem);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule-strong);
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: baseline;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 0.75rem 1.5rem;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: var(--step-meta);
  color: var(--ink-3);
}
.footer a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-strong);
}
.footer a:hover { color: var(--accent); border-color: var(--accent); }
.footer__ids { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.5rem 1rem; }

/* --- Print --------------------------------------------------------------- */

@media print {
  :root {
    --paper: #fff;
    --paper-raised: #fff;
    --paper-sunk: #fff;
    --ink: #000;
    --ink-2: #1a1a1a;
    --ink-3: #444;
    --rule: #bbb;
    --rule-strong: #000;
    --accent: #000;
    --shadow: none;
  }
  .rail, .theme, .progress, .skip { display: none !important; }
  .layout { display: block; }
  body { font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 1.5; }
  .section, .claim, .paper a { break-inside: avoid; }
  .paper a[href]::after { content: ""; }
}